Your security settings can be found here: https://myaccount.google.com/security
Getting started with Authenticator
Getting started with Google Prompts
The 8-digit codes are one-time codes. They will only work once.
If you're not already using one, consider using a password manager. Here's a video with more info: All Things Secured, 7 Password Managers 2024 (YouTube)
You should delete the 2FA options your predecessor configured.
You should never share your password with anyone ever.